Alan Gillies
(1864 - 1957)
Bendigo, Australia
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In 1864, in the year that Alan Gillies was born, on August 13th, the first fish and chips shop opened in London England. By the 1930's, there were over 35,000 shops throughout the United Kingdom.
In 1875, when he was only 11 years old, on March 1st, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act. The Act prohibited racial discrimination in both public accommodations and jury duty. Opposed by the public, the "public accommodations" sections of the Act were overturned by the Supreme Court eight years later.
In 1908, he was 44 years old when the Federal Bureau of Investigation was established as the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States; it simultaneously served as the nation's prime federal law enforcement agency. Stanley Finch was the first Chief (now called Director).
In 1940, Alan was 76 years old when on November 5th, President Franklin Roosevelt was elected to a third term, defeating Wendell Willkie of Indiana (a corporate lawyer). Roosevelt running for a third term was controversial. But the U.S. was emerging from the Great Recession and he promised that he would not involve the country in any foreign war (which of course changed when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor). Roosevelt defeated Willkie in the popular vote by 54.7 to 44.8% and in the Electoral College 449 to 82.
In 1957, in the year of Alan Gillies's passing, on September 24th, the "Little Rock Nine" (nine African-American students) entered Little Rock High School. Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus had previously prevented the students from entering the school at the beginning of the term with the Arkansas National Guard - they blocked the door. President Eisenhower ordered federal troops - the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army - to guard the students and allow them entry.
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