Albert E Pfaffenzeller (died 1938)

In 1812, on July 12th, the United States invaded Canada at Windsor, Ontario during the War of 1812 against the British. General Hull lead the invasion and was defeated - on August 16th, Hull surrendered the city of Detroit to English forces.

In 1828, on April 20th, French explorer René Caillié became the first non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu and to later return alive. He gave Europeans a first hand description of the city. He was awarded a prize of 10,000 francs for his trip - offered by the Société de Géographie.

In 1844, on July 3rd, the last known pair of great auk were killed in Iceland. A flightless bird, the average auk was about 33 inches tall and weighed about 11 pounds with a black back and white belly. They were most often found along the coast of Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Canada Great Britain, Ireland - and sometimes as far south as Spain.

In 1890, on December 29th, the Wounded Knee Massacre occurred in South Dakota on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation . The U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment said that they rode into the Lakota camp "trying to disarm" the inhabitants. One person, Black Coyote - who was deaf - held onto his rifle, saying that he paid a lot of money for it. Shots rang out and by the end at least 153 Lakota Sioux - some estimates say 300 - and 25 troops had died. The site of the massacre is a National Historic Landmark.

In 1938, in the year of Albert E Pfaffenzeller's passing, on June 25th (a Saturday) the Fair Labor Standards Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt (along with 120 other bills). The Act banned oppressive child labor, set the minimum hourly wage at 25 cents, and established the maximum workweek at 44 hours. It faced a lot of opposition and in fighting for it, Roosevelt said "Do not let any calamity-howling executive with an income of $1,000 a day, ...tell you...that a wage of $11 a week is going to have a disastrous effect on all American industry."