Catherine French (1826 - 1873)
Catherine French Biography
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Catherine French Obituary
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1826 - 1873 World Events
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In 1826, in the year that Catherine French was born, on July 4th, former US Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both died. It was the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson died a few hours before Adams. Adams, unaware of Jefferson's death - who was both a friend and a rival - said as he was dying ""Thomas Jefferson survives."
In 1838, at the age of only 12 years old, Catherine was alive when on January 11th in New Jersey, Samuel Morse and two others first publicly demonstrated Morse's new invention - the telegraph. Patented by Morse in 1837, the electrical telegraph used a code developed by him and his assistant, Samuel Vail, and sent a message two miles. In 1844, Morse broadcast from Washington DC to Baltimore Maryland the message "What hath God wrought" and the telegraph took off.
In 1849, Catherine was 23 years old when on March 4th, a Sunday, Zachary Taylor became the 12th US President. However, he refused to be sworn in on a Sunday - the Sabbath - so he was inaugurated the following Monday.
In 1861, when she was 35 years old, on August 5th, in order to help pay for the Civil War, the Federal government instituted the first income tax in the United States. The Revenue Act of 1861 was rescinded in 1862 but from 1861 through 1862, a flat tax was charged - 3% - on all income over $800, which included only 3% of households. In 1862, a broader tax was enacted.
In 1873, in the year of Catherine French's passing, on September 18th, the New York stock market crash - due to the failure of a number of banks - began the Panic of 1873. After the boom following the Civil War, the Coinage Act of 1873 and other factors led to the market crash. Thus began the "Long Depression" - also called the "Great Depression" until the 1930's.
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