Elizabeth Ferguson Pauley (born 1811)

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Elizabeth Pauley

Added: Jan 01, 2001

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In 1811, in the year that Elizabeth Ferguson Pauley was born, on December 16th, the New Madrid earthquake - in the Mississippi Valley near the city of New Madrid, Missouri - temporarily reversed the course of the Mississippi River. The quake is estimated to have been 7.5 - 7.9. Other large earthquakes along the fault occurred on January 23rd and February 7th, 1812. These quakes were the largest ever recorded east of the Rockies.

In 1834, on August 14th, the Poor Law Amendment Act was enacted in the United Kingdom. The Act stated that no able-bodied British man could receive assistance unless he entered a workhouse (a kind of poorhouse). The Act was intended to curb the cost of relief for the poor since workhouses were designed to be unpleasant. Many workhouses used the men as free labor and employed them in such tasks as breaking stones, crushing bones to produce fertilizer, or picking oakum - tarred fiber used between planks on ships -using a large metal nail known as a spike.

In 1843, on January 31st, the Virginia Minstrels - also called the Virginia Serenaders - performed the first minstrel show. The whole troupe appeared in blackface. They were famous for the songs "Jimmy Crack Corn" and "Old Dan Tucker".

In 1904, the United States acquired the Panama Canal Zone. Now an unincorporated territory of the U.S., the Canal Zone had been previously held by the French, who were constructing a canal. The U.S. took over the construction of the Panama Canal and it was finally finished in 1914, when it was opened to commercial shipping. The United States held the Canal Zone until 1979.

In 1948, on January 30th, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi by a member of a Hindu nationalist party who thought that Gandhi was too accommodating to Muslims. The man, Nathuram Godse, shot Gandhi 3 times. He died immediately. The shooter was tried, convicted, and hung in November 1949.