Mary Cleland (1879 - 1949)

Mary's immediate relatives including parents, siblings, partnerships and children in the Cleland family tree.

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Mary's Family

Cleland James Cleland

Mina Mccautey Cleland

Mary Cleland

Parents:

Cleland James Cleland

Ydah, Australia

Mina Mccautey Cleland

Ydah, Australia

We currently do not have photos of Mary Cleland. Below are potential family photos that share Mary's last name or surname. Pictures really do say a thousand words. Add photos of Mary during various points of her life

Pelham Cleland & Elliott Alston

Rose Halling and Children, 1912

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Refresh this page to see various historical events that occurred during Mary's lifetime

In 1879, in the year that Mary Cleland was born, on November 10th, Bell Telephone and Western Union reached an agreement. Bell Telephone would keep out of the telegraphy business and Western Union would stay out of the telephone business - leading to success for both.

In 1907, she was 28 years old when in October, over a 3 week period, the New York stock exchange fell almost 50% from the previous year's high mark. Public panic ensued and there were runs on banks since the U.S. was in the middle of a recession. J.P. Morgan offered his own fortune to back the banks and he was followed by other financiers. This temporarily shored up the banking system, stopping the immediate panic. All of this led to the creation of the Federal Reserve.

In 1913, when she was 34 years old, ratified in February the 16th Amendment, establishing a Federal income tax, became law. Previously, customs duties (tariffs) and excise taxes were the primary sources of federal revenue. With the passage of the 16th Amendment, incomes of couples exceeding $4,000, as well as those of single persons earning $3,000 or more, were subject to a 1% Federal tax (that would be about $98,000 and $74,000 now). Rates rose to 7% for incomes over half a million dollars. Less than 1% of the population was subject to income tax.

In 1931, by the time she was 52 years old, on May 1st, the Empire State Building opened in New York City. At 1,454 feet (including the roof and antenna), it was the tallest building in the world until the World Trade Center's North Tower was built in 1970. (It is now the 34th tallest.) Opening at the beginning of the Great Depression, most of the offices in the Empire State Building remained unoccupied for years and the observation deck was an equal source of revenue and kept the building profitable.

In 1949, in the year of Mary Cleland's passing, on April 4th, NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was established. Twelve nations originally signed the North Atlantic Treaty - the United States, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Iceland, Canada, and Portugal. Greece, Turkey, and West Germany later joined. Today, there are 26 nations in NATO.