Mary Smith (1864 - 1949)
Mary Smith Biography
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1864 - 1949 World Events
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In 1864, in the year that Mary Smith was born, on April 22nd, the Coinage Act of 1864 was passed by Congress. It mandated that "In God We Trust" was to be placed on all United States coins and created a 2 cent coin. Later - in 1956 - "In God We Trust" replaced "E Pluribus Unum" - which means out of many, one - as the national motto.
In 1896, Mary was 32 years old when on May 18th, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. By a vote of 7 to 1, the Court upheld state racial segregation laws, introducing the idea of "separate but equal" facilities for races.
In 1916, by the time she was 52 years old, the Battle of Verdun was fought from February through December. It was the largest and longest battle of World War I, lasting 303 days. The original estimates were 714,231 casualties - 377,231 French and 337,000 German, an average of 70,000 casualties a month. Current estimates are even larger. The Battle of the Somme was also fought from July through September of the same year. Original estimates were 485,000 British and French casualties and 630,000 German casualties.
In 1932, by the time she was 68 years old, on February 27th, actress Elizabeth Taylor was born in London. Her parents were Americans living in London and when she was 7, the family moved to Los Angeles. Her first small part in a movie was in There's One Born Every Minute in 1942 but her first starring role was in National Velvet in 1944. She became as famous for her 8 marriages (to 7 people) as she was for her beauty and films.
In 1949, in the year of Mary Smith's passing, on April 4th, NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was established. Twelve nations originally signed the North Atlantic Treaty - the United States, Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Iceland, Canada, and Portugal. Greece, Turkey, and West Germany later joined. Today, there are 26 nations in NATO.
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