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Brieba Family History & Genealogy

4 biographies and 1 photos with the Brieba last name. Discover the family history, nationality, origin and common names of Brieba family members.

Brieba Last Name History & Origin

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History

Brieba's family Coat of Arms is of Logroño, La Rioja, Spain which was enacted in Asturias, a small northwestern Catholic Iberian kingdom, who initiated the Reconquista (the "reconquest") soon after the Islamic conquest in the 8th century to rid Spain of the muslim/moorish invaders.

The Reconquista began with the Battle of Covadonga, in which a Visigothic élite, led by Pelagius, defeated an Islamic army and established his authority over a region in the north of the peninsula, the Kingdom of Asturias.

Brieba's are historically linked to Alfonso I (1073/1074 – 8 September 1134), the Battler or the Warrior, king of Aragon and Navarre, grandiose Emperor of Spain, who was a passionate fighting-man who fought twenty-nine battles against Christians and Moors, earning their sobriquet in the Reconquista with military successes in the middle Ebro, where they conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and took Ejea, Tudela, Calatayud, Borja, Tarazona, Daroca, and Monreal del Campo.

Alfonso the Battler died after an unsuccessful battle with the Muslims at the Battle of Fraga.Brieba's maintain the nobility title "Grande" of the Iberian high aristocracy; literally "Great, Grand", used by Spanish nobility by extension of land owning, long-time resident in an area, freedom from taxation, immunity from arrest—as they were the major justice officers in their regions, and in certain cases, the right to renounce their allegiance and to make war on the king. Being a grandee formerly implied certain privileges, notably that of the ancient uses of remaining covered or seated in the presence of royalty. 

The Grandes de España (Grandees of Spain) are divided into three classes:Brieba's remained those who spoke to the king and received his reply with their heads covered. Addressed by the king as mi Primo (my cousin). Grandees are entitled to the style of 'Most Excellent Lord' or 'His Excellency'.

Name Origin

The name Brieva can be divided in two to understand it's meaning.


Brie is a soft cow's milk cheese named after Brie, the French region from which it originated (roughly corresponding to the modern département of Seine-et-Marne) but the word itself means "Exalted". 


The Spanish word "va" = "IS GOING (to)


The Battle of Brienne was fought on January 29, 1814, and resulted in the victory of Emperor Napoleon I's French forces over the Russian and Prussian forces commanded by the Prussian Generalfeldmarschall Prince von Blücher.


The battle followed on the heels of reverses suffered by the French in both 1812, which had gutted the strength of the French, and 1813, where they fought against the Sixth Coalition. The Sixth Coalition had intentions of deposing Napoleon, dissolving the First French Empire and restoring the Bourbon monarchy to France.


It was in this battle that an unknown contingent of Basques fought and secured Napolean's victory in return to be left alone.


Brienne is of French origin and means  "strong, honorable"


The Basque race is of unknown origin inhabiting the Basque provinces and other parts of Spain in the neighborhood of the Pyrenees, and part of the department of Basses-Pyrénées, France. The language of the Basques is suppose to represent the tongue of the ancient Iberians, the primitive inhabitants of Spain. No connection between it and any other language has as yet been made out. Like the tongues of America, it is highly polysynthetic. It is supposed to represent the tongue of a race existing in southwestern Europe before the immigration of the Indo-European tribes, therefore, to understand the true meaning of the name Brieva is not possible.

Spellings & Pronunciations

The true spelling of the Brieba name is Brieva. Brieba was a misspelling due to the language barrier encountered on Ellis Island in 1895 when an Anglo or irish-American custom official misunderstood the letter 'v' for a 'b' because of their limitation in understanding the latin/basque language.

Nationality & Ethnicity

The last name Brieba is from the Basque region of Spain and France. Brieba is a misspelling which first occurred on 5/15/1895 when Eduard Brieba, who along with 68 passengers on board the ship, Seguranca, enroute to Mexico had stopped by Ellis Island where custom officials misspelled the actual name which is Brieva, mispronouncing the 'v' as 'b'.


Brieva is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 71 inhabitants. These are among the most isolated of Basques which had defeated and chased the Moors out of Spain to Jerez de la Frontera across the Rock of Gibraltar back to the african continent, during the Reconquista 'Reconquest'. The Recapturing, is a centuries-long period in the Middle Ages in which several Christian kingdoms succeeded in conquering the Iberian Peninsula from the Islamic kingdoms collectively known as Al-Andalus.


Today.. the Sovereign Military Order of Teutonic Knights Templar of Gibraltar is based on this movement.

The Basques may not be who we think they are
Basque is not related to any other language in the world; it is a linguistic isolate. There have been attempts to connect Basque languages to others, specifically japanese.
So where did Basque come from? A common assumption is that Basque is the autochthonous speech of the Iberian peninsula, perhaps related to the  pre-Latin dialects extent to the south and east of the peninsula (the Romans arrived on the scene at a time when Spain was also partially dominated by Celtic tribes). Many go further and assert that the Basques are the pure descendants of the first modern humans to arrive on the European continent, heirs of the Cro-Magnums.
In terms of historical genetics these assumptions result in the Basque population be used as a “reference” for the indigenous component of the European ancestry which reaches back to the Last Glacial Maximum, and expanded from the Iberian refugium after the ice retreated.
One of reasons for the assumption of Basque antiquity & purity are genetic peculiarities of the Basques. Foremost among them is that the Basque seem to have the highest frequency of Rh- in the world, primarily because of the high frequency of the null allele within the population (it is a recessively expressed trait). Rh- is very rare outside of Europe, but its frequency exhibits a west-east gradient even within the continent. It has been suggested that the mixing of Rh- and Rh+ blood groups reflects the mixing of hunter-gatherers and farmers in after the Ice Age. The Basque region was cordoned off. The blood group was widely collected in the early 20th century. Because of the early knowledge of this heritable trait you have a lot of weird anthropological theories which hinge around blood group genetics having emerged in the early 20th century.
Basques are a cultural isolate, and, according to mainly allele frequencies of classical polymorphisms, also a genetic isolate.  Basque-vs-non-Basque differences, as well as the European HGDP sample. They limited it to 109 SNPs which were the most informative out of the hundreds of thousands on the chip. There is no real difference between Basques and non-Basques. One thing to remember is that it’s rather well attested that the Basque dialects were more widespread in the early historical period than they are today, so there are many Spanish speaking residents of Navarre and French Gascons who are almost certainly descendants of Basque speakers. Nonetheless, there’s a sharp bifurcation that you’d expect from the total national samples which might point to a cryptic Basque & non-Basque genetic chasm.
Because of ancient DNA extraction the historical genetic history of Europe is in flux right now. Uniparental haplogroups which in the early aughts were presumed to be relics of the hunter-gatherer substrate may not be that at all. The new research on R1b suggesting that it originated in Anatolia, and its high frequency in the Basques also puts into doubt the idea that the Basques are pure descendants of Paleolithic Europeans.
Why did people think that the Basque were so special?
Mostly because their language is special. It is non-Indo-European. It seems that at the time of the Roman conquest much of Spain, especially away from the coastal Mediterranean fringe, was undergoing a process of Celticization. Eventually Indo-Europeanization was completed by the Romans through the spread of Latin. But, the loci of Roman cultural expansion were colonies which were concentrated along the coastal regions of the Mediterranean. Iberia which faced the ocean was a marginal frontier where Latinization seems to have proceeded rather slowly and fitfully until the Western Empire collapsed. With the re-barbarization of inland and Atlantic Iberia the Basques managed to carve out a niche for themselves as forceful actors (they famously harried the troops of Charlemagne as they returned to France after their expedition in northern Iberia).
Behind mountains on the fringes of Europe and against the ocean the Basques evaded Indo-Europeanization. There are plenty of candidates for non-Indo-European languages across Europe, generally known from isolated inscriptions, but whatever the truth of it is seems that in the few thousand years before Christ Indo-European dialects spread across most of the continent. Only in Iberia did the process occur late enough so we catch glimmers of it in the textual record. It may be that the Finnic people of northeast Europe are also pre-Indo-European, preserved by the peculiar ecology of their region (the other model is that the Finns are themselves newcomers who pushed along the Arctic fringe from the Urals)

American Basques are very proud of their distinctive heritage. It is notable that none of them identify as Latino or Hispanic, or claim Spanish heritage. They are most definitely Basque, which are different. Latinos or Hispanics can be Whites, Asians, Blacks , Natives, Middle Eastern, Pacific Islanders or of mixed heritages thanks to massive immigrations from many countries. The countries in Latin America have similar backgrounds because they were colonies of Spain (except Brazil), but every one of them has a distinct history that makes the different cultures unique. The argument about “what is a hispanic” is kind of moronic since the group was pretty much invented by the racist  us census in 1970, but it can, or can’t, include people whose origins are from Espana.  The only question is where the third branch of the Uralic family, the Samoyedic languages, sits: just outside Finno-Ugric (the current mainstream view) or just inside (in which case the term is redundant with Uralic). The current reconstructions of Proto-Finno-Ugric and of Proto-Uralic are very similar, which makes some linguists wonder. Writing is about 5000 years old, and history depends on writing, so before about 3-4000 BC was all prehistory, and prehistory extends to much more recent times in much of the work. Cave paintings are unquestionably human, and they go back 30,000 years. So that means that since then we have 5,000 years of history and 25,000 years of prehistory, 5x as much. It is often assumed that illiterate peoples (without history) also were without history in the sense of change (static, timeless, etc.) There’s no reason for this. It’s just an opportunistic methodological assumption made to keep people from wasting time thinking about things there’s no evidence for. It has little or no empirical content. We know that the Bantus, the Malays, the Turks, and the Western Europeans have moved long distances in historical times. Maybe the Basques did too, in prehistory. All we really know is that they were there before the Celts. Picking it up from the other end, besides the Basques., the Lapps, the Sardinians, and the Icelanders as the most genetically distinct European peoples. The Basques seem to be an ancient survival, the Lapps are either a survival or migrants from a nearby area, the Sardinians are a combination of an ancient survival and the island effect. But the unique Icelandic gene pool was created by processes we know of historically (island effect and founder effect) during a period of only 1000 years. Is it so hard to see where the Basques are from? Basques could be culturally isolated and genetically integrated at the same time. The recent studies that say the Irish and the British are – genetically – one people. How does that work? Geographic proximity means intermarriages will happen, but the culture has some reinforcing effects which quiet the influence of outsider parents. That leaves the question of their origins still wide open. A PCA graph showing a clean separation between French and Spanish Basques is very counter-intuitive. Basque people straddle the Pyrenees mountains. In linguistics there has been so much speculation about the Basques that it’s become a standing joke. There’s probably been some decent work done, but most of it is haphazard and amateurish. The latest proof that the Basque is related to Iberian / Etruscan / Pictish / Sumerian / Minoan / Tibetan / Isthmus Zapotec / Martia and discovery that Basque is the secret key to understanding the Ogam inscriptions / the Phaistos disc / the Easter Island carvings / the Egyptian Book of the Dead / the Qabbala / the prophecies of Nostradamus are comical. The Basque is the ancestral language of all humankind, a remnant of the speech of lost Atlantis, the language of the vanished civilization of Antarctica, evidence of visitors from Proxima Centauri. 109 “highly informative” SNPs out of hundreds of thousands is combining some genuinely different ones with others that are just the tail of random statistical noise in a small sample. The geographic distribution of Celtic cultures in the NW corner of Spain, NW France, W/N in UK shows that previous cultures survival is more likely when defended by mountains and the sea.

Famous People named Brieba

Brieba's role in history has gone nearly unrecorded, yet, their incredible capacity to endure hardship and solitude based on the Basque system, places them as one of the great many enterprising personalities of Basque origin sent out into the world including direct descendants like Juan Sebastian Elcano, the Spanish Conquistador, who were the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific and to circumnavigate the earth.

Ignatius of Loyola (ca. October 27, 1491 – July 31, 1556) a Spanish knight from a local Basque noble family, hermit, priest since 1537, and theologian, who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and, on 19 April 1541, became its first Superior General.

The Society of Jesus is a Christian male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals, and parishes and promote social justice and ecumenical dialogue because of the military background of Ignatius and the members' willingness to accept orders anywhere in the world and to live in extreme conditions where required.

Their ancestors fended off the Iberian Visigoth kingdom, Muslim rule south of Jerez De La Frontera, and the Frankish push on the north when Charles the Great also known as Charlemagne (Charles 'The Hammer' Martel's grandson) undertook a campaign in northern Spain under which a rear guard unit of Franks under the command of Charlemagne's nephew, Roland, was ambushed and slaughtered by the Basques who opposed Arabs, Goths, and Franks with equal vigor. 

Their notoriety inspired Robert Laxalt's National Geographic magazine Issue June 1966 'Articles on Basques' describing Basques as: Descendants of an ancient race whose origins and language still remain a mystery, the Basque urged here by the same restless spirit that lured their forebears around the world as sailors with Magellan and to South America as soldiers with the conquistadors.

Another National Geographic Article by Robert Laxalt appeared in the August 1969 titled "Land of the Ancient Basques" confirmed 'Isolation-Key to Basque Identity': In the baffling search for the origins of the Basques, theories range from the fantastic - that Basque are the survivors of Atlantis; and possible-that they are the only vestige left of Cro-Magnum man; to the probable-that they are descended from the mysterious Iberians who once peopled Spain.


Since Basques are a rare limited isolated race they are all virtually inter-related.




Other well known Basques include Ernesto "Che" Guevara, Simon Bolivar - the Great Liberator, Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria of the former Medellin Drug Cartel, Ilich Ramírez Sánchez known as Carlos the Jackal, José Doroteo Arango Arámbula – better known by his pseudonym Francisco Villa or his nickname Pancho Villa.




There were other such Basques as Peter Francisco (c. 1760 – January 16, 1831) an American patriot and soldier in the American Revolutionary War who singlehandedly won many of the battles…  known variously as the "Virginia Giant" or the "Giant of the Revolution" (and occasionally as the "Virginia Hercules") and Ambrosio José Gonzales (October 3, 1818 – July 31, 1893) a Cuban revolutionary who became a Colonel in the Confederate States Army under the command of General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, during the American Civil War serving as the Chief of artillery in the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

Gonzales was active during the bombardment of Fort Sumter and because of his actions was appointed Colonel of artillery.
On November 30, 1864, Gonzales served as Artillery Commander at the Battle of Honey Hill. The Battle of Honey Hill was the third battle of Sherman's March to the Sea fought in Savannah, Georgia. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, declined Gonzales's request for promotion to general six times because he served under Beauregard whom Davis despised.


Another famous Basque purposely misrepresented by US historians was David Glasgow (aka Glascoe) Farragut (July 5, 1801 – August 14, 1870) a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and admiral in the United States Navy. He is remembered for his order at the Battle of Mobile Bay (which he won), usually paraphrased as "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead" in U.S. Navy tradition.
Farragut was born in 1801 to Jordi (George) Farragut, a native of Minorca, Spain.
His father served as a cavalry officer in the Tennessee militia. Jordi had joined the American Revolutionary cause after arriving in America in 1766, when he changed his first name to George. He was a naval lieutenant during the Revolutionary War, serving first with the South Carolina Navy then the Continental Naval forces.
Another famous Basque manipulated by the anglo-american system of propaganda was John Philip Sousa, (November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known primarily for American military and patriotic marches. Because of his mastery of march composition, he is known as "The March King". Among his best-known marches are "The Liberty Bell", "The Thunderer", "The Washington Post", "Semper Fidelis" (Official March of the United States Marine Corps), and "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (National March of the United States of America).
Sousa's father was Portuguese and Spanish, his father was born in Seville, Spain and his mother of Bavarian ancestry.


There are many others with Basque ancestry such as Louis Daguerre, inventor of photography; Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico implicated in charges of genocide for the Tlatelolco Massacre; Eva Duarte de Perón, Argentinian leader and politician & wife of Juan Domingo Perón; Juan Domingo Perón, former president of Argentina; Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, Chilean dictator; Rafael Urdaneta, last president of the Republic of Great Colombia; Artist, Frederic Remington; Musician, Placid Domingo; Athlete, Ted Williams; Writer, Alexandre Dumas; and Explorers, Juan Bautista de Anza I, Sebastian Vizcaino, Felipe de Salcedo, Juan de Salcedo, Juan de Oñate, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Jedediah Smith etc..

"The Basques are not a nation.. therefore you cannot negotiate with them".

Lorenzo Brieba was a Cuban of Basque origin awarded the Iron Cross First Class, Iron Cross Second Class, War Merit Cross with Swords in abstensia as a pilot for Francisco Franco and a soldier of the Blue Legion during the Spanish Civil War and World War II.
He served with Miguel Ezquerra Sanchez and Emilio Esteban Infantes y Martín.

In 1947 he was responsible for detaining and deporting Charles "Lucky" Luciano from Havana Cuba to Italy against the orders of the corrupt cuban dictator, Fulgencio Batista.

Later on Brieba joined "The Devil's Brigade", reactivated in Fort Bragg on 10 NOV 1953 as the 77th Special Forces Group, and was there from the very beginning of the Cold War, participating in the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état orchestrated by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, and recommended the authorization of the training of 5,000 anti-Castro Cubans in Guatemala, by providing airstrips in the region of Petén for what became the 1961 failed Bay of Pigs Invasion.

Brieba understood the nature of Marxist/Leninist communism after confronting the Soviets on the Eastern Front and battling them on the streets of Berlin during the last days of the Third Reich where he witnessed war atrocities committed by the Red Army.

During the 1950s & 60s, he encountered other basque opponents such as Ernesto "Che" Guevara in the Congo and Salvador Allende in Chile when the United States put forward a variety of programs and strategies aimed at impeding the aspirations of leftist forces from gaining power.

Brieba had been in Mexico City during the same time that Lee Harvey Oswald had visited the Cuban Embassy, which rejected Oswald's Cuban visa application three times.

Brieba's family Coat of Arms is of Logroño, La Rioja, Spain where in Asturias, a small northwestern Catholic Iberian kingdom, initiated the Reconquista (the "reconquest") soon after the Islamic conquest in the 8th century.

Brieba's are historically linked to Alfonso I (1073/1074 – 8 September 1134), the Battler or the Warrior, king of Aragon and Navarre, grandiose Emperor of Spain, who was a passionate fighting-man who fought twenty-nine battles against Christians and Moors, earning their sobriquet in the Reconquista with military successes in the middle Ebro, where they conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and took Ejea, Tudela, Calatayud, Borja, Tarazona, Daroca, and Monreal del Campo. Alfonso the Battler died after an unsuccessful battle with the Muslims at the Battle of Fraga.

Brieba's maintain the nobility title "Grande" of the Iberian high aristocracy; literally "Great, Grand", used by Spanish nobility by extension of land owning, long-time resident in an area, freedom from taxation, immunity from arrest—as they were the major justice officers in their regions, and in certain cases, the right to renounce their allegiance and to make war on the king. Being a grandee formerly implied certain privileges, notably that of the ancient uses of remaining covered or seated in the presence of royalty.
The Grandes de España (Grandees of Spain) are divided into three classes:
Brieba's remained those who spoke to the king and received his reply with their heads covered. Addressed by the king as mi Primo (my cousin). Grandees are entitled to the style of 'Most Excellent Lord' or 'His Excellency'.

Brieba's role in history has gone nearly unrecorded, yet, his incredible capacity to endure hardship and solitude based on the Basque system, placed him as one of the great many enterprising personalities of Basque origin sent out into the world including direct descendants who along with Juan Sebastian Elcano, the Spanish Conquistador, were the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific and to circumnavigate the earth.
His ancestors fended off the Iberian Visigoth kingdom, Muslim rule south of Jerez De La Frontera, and the Frankish push on the north when Charles the Great also known as Charlemagne (Charles 'The Hammer' Martel's grandson) undertook a campaign in northern Spain under which a rear guard unit of Franks under the command of Charlemagne's nephew, Roland, was ambushed and slaughtered by the Basques who opposed Arabs, Goths, and Franks with equal vigor.

His notoriety inspired Robert Laxalt's National Geographic magazine Issue June 1966 'Articles on Basques' describing Basques as: Descendants of an ancient race whose origins and language still remain a mystery, the Basque urged here by the same restless spirit that lured their forebears around the world as sailors with Magellan and to South America as soldiers with the conquistadors.

Another National Geographic Article by Robert Laxalt appeared in the August 1969 titled "Land of the Ancient Basques" confirmed 'Isolation-Key to Basque Identity': In the baffling search for the origins of the Basques, theories range from the fantastic - that Basque are the survivors of Atlantis; and possible-that they are the only vestige left of Cro-Magnum man; to the probable-that they are descended from the mysterious Iberians who once peopled Spain.

Prior to the Spanish Civil War, Brieba arrived in the Canary Islands where he first met Francisco Franco and was trained by two British MI6 agents, Cecil Bebb and Hugh Pollard to become the pilot of a privately owned DH 89 De Havilland Dragon Rapide, which was chartered in England 11 July to take Franco to Africa.

Though not a member of the Falange (the Spanish Fascist party), he met members of the Condor Legion which consisted of German field marshal Hugo Sperrle, first commander of the Condor Legion, Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen chief of staff, Wilhelm Josef Ritter von Thoma, and Eoin O'Duffy of the Irish Brigade (Blueshirts).

Brieba flew planes with the Nationalist Spanish insignia painted on them consisting of the Italian SM.79, SM.81 bombers, and the biplane Fiat CR.32 fighter and the German Junkers Ju 52 cargo-bomber and the Heinkel He 51 biplane fighter.

Under the regime of Francisco Franco, the Spanish government reversed the advances of Basque nationalism, as it had fought in the opposite side of the Spanish Civil War.
Feeling pressure to join because of past ties with the Republic and to help Basques in Franco's prison, Brieba joined la División Española de Voluntarios (Blue Division) of the Spanish Army, a unit of Spanish volunteers that served in the German Army known as Infanterie-Division on the Eastern Front of World War II.

On July 13, 1941, Brieba took the first train leaving Madrid for Grafenwöhr, Bavaria to create an assault battalion, mainly sub-machine gun armed, however, due to later casualties, this was disbanded. As an aviator he volunteered to form a Blue Squadron (Escuadrillas Azules) which used Bf 109s and FW 190s and his unit was credited with 156 Soviet aircraft kills.

It was suggested for him to kill Stalin by a lone bombing raid on the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco during The Casablanca Conference, sometime between January 14 to 24, 1943, where Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and French representatives were to meet to plan the European strategy of the Allies, however, the mission was canceled when Soviet leader Joseph Stalin declined to attend.
Brieba had similar proposals like downing General Mark Clark's plane during a secret flight to Gibraltar pending "Operation Torch" and shooting General Eisenhower's aircraft while on his North Africa inspection tour in retaliation for the assassination mission which intercepted the aircraft carrying Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in April 1943 who had led the attack on Pearl Harbor.
It is to be noted that Clark and Eisenhower flights were flown by Paul Tibbets of the B-29 'Enola Gay' fame, which dropped the world's first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.

Brieba believed that the blame to carry out such daring missions laid with Franco whom he believed held back to avoid dragging Spain into World War II's western front. Eitherway some 3,000 Spanish soldiers refused to return to Spain from Germany.
Brieba stayed behind along with other Spaniards of basque decent joining other German units instead, mainly the Waffen-SS. The new pro-German units were collectively called the Blue Legion (Legión Azul) which were absorbed into German units.

On 31 July, the 250th Division, the Blue Division, was formally incorporated into the Wehrmacht. It was initially assigned to Army Group Center, the force advancing towards Moscow.
While marching towards the Smolensk front on September 26, the Spanish volunteers were rerouted from Vitebsk and reassigned to Army Group North, the force closing on Leningrad, and became part of the German 16th Army.

In August, 1942 Brieba was transferred North to the Southeastern flank of the Leningrad siege, just South of the Neva near Pushkin, Kolpino and Krasny Bor in the Izhora River area.
The Blue Division remained on the Leningrad front where they suffered heavy casualties both due to cold and enemy action at Myasnoi Bor following an encounter with the Soviet 305th Rifle Division during early February. They were awarded both Spanish and German military awards and were the only division to be awarded a medal of their own, commissioned by Hitler.

Brieba joined the 101st company Spanische-Freiwilligen Kompanie der SS 101, made up of 140 men in four rifle platoons and one staff platoon, attached to 28th SS Volunteer Grenadier Division Wallonien and fought in Pomerania and Brandenburg province. Later, as part of 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland and under command of Hauptsturmführer der SS Miguel Ezquerra, it fought the last days of the war against Soviet troops in Berlin defending the Furherbunker with Joachim Ziegler who had been awarded the Spanish Cross for participation in the Spanish Civil War, fighting in the Condor Legion.
After Hitler's death Brieba assembled most of his escort made up of French SS for the breakout to avoid capture by russian communist forces. They joined up with Ziegler and a larger group of Nordland troops. They crossed the Spree just before dawn, near the Gesundbrunnen U-Bahn station they came under heavy fire. Brigadeführer Joachim Ziegler was gravely wounded and died on 2 May. Brieba made it to Dahlem where he hid out in an apartment for a week slipping across the Spanish border near Lourdes, in occupied France thus avoiding capture by "The Devil's Brigade".

With the end of World War II, Spain suffered from the economic consequences of it's isolation from the international community. Franco used language politics in an attempt to establish national homogeneity suppressing the language of the Basque. During his rule Basque separatists, were either suppressed or tightly controlled by all means, up to and including violent police repression. The Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) would go into exile, and in 1959, the ETA armed group was created to wage a low-intensity war against Franco.

Franco who had been initially disliked by Cuban Fulgencio Batista, who, during World War II, had suggested a joint U.S.- Latin American assault on Spain in order to overthrow Franco's regime. It was here that Brieba made it to Cuba when Otto Skorzeny retreated to Madrid setting up the Paladin Group specialized in arming and training guerrillas to wage a clandestine war against Basque separatists.

In 1946 American military intelligence released Charles "Lucky" Luciano from prison and deported him to Italy, thereby freeing the greatest criminal talent of his generation to rebuild the heroin trade. Appealing to the New York State Parole Board in 1945 for his immediate release, Luciano's lawyers based their case on his wartime services to the navy and army. Although naval intelligence officers called to give evidence at the hearings were extremely vague about what they had promised Luciano, in exchange for his services, one naval officer wrote a number of confidential letters on Luciano's behalf that were instrumental in securing his release.
Within two years after Luciano returned to Italy, the U.S. government deported over one hundred more gangsters and with the cooperation of his old friend, Don Calogero, and the help of many of his old followers from New York, Luciano was able to build an international narcotics syndicate soon after his arrival in Italy.
Thanks to his contacts in the Middle East, Luciano established a long-term business relationship with a Lebanese who was quickly becoming known as the Middle East's major exporter of morphine base-Sami El Khoury, protecting the import of raw opium from Turkey's Anatolian plateau into Lebanon, its processing into morphine base, and its final export to the laboratories in Sicily and Marseille by it's first stop, the bays and inlets of Sicily's western coast.
Once the heroin had been manufactured and packaged for export, Luciano used his Mafia connections to send it through a maze of international routes to the United States. From Europe heroin was shipped directly to New York or smuggled through Canada and Cuba.

Meyer Lansky also played a key role in organizing Luciano's heroin syndicate: he supervised smuggling operations, negotiated with Corsican heroin manufacturers, and managed the collection and concealment of the enormous profits. Lansky's control over the Caribbean and his relationship with the Florida-based Trafficante family were of particular importance, since many of the heroin shipments passed through Cuba or Florida on their way to America's urban markets.

Organized crime was welcomed in pre-revolutionary Cuba, and Havana was the most important transit point for Luciano's European heroin shipments. The leaders of Luciano's heroin syndicate were at home in the Cuban capital, and regarded it as a "safe" city: Lansky owned most of the city's casinos, and the Trafficante family served as Lansky's resident managers in Havana.

On December 22, 1946 the Havana Conference was attended by delegations representing crime families throughout the United States at the Hotel Nacional in Havana, Cuba, arranged by Charles "Lucky" Luciano, to discuss important mob policies, rules, and business interests.
Present representing New York City, New Jersey, Buffalo, Chicago, New Orleans, Florida, and several major bosses from the Jewish Syndicate were at the conference to discuss joint La Cosa Nostra-Jewish Syndicate business.

Meeting with Luciano was Vito Genovese who informed Luciano that the U.S. government knew that he was in Cuba pressuring the Cuban Government to expel him.
There were so many wheels within wheels in the life of Vito Genovese. After being indicted for murder, Genovese fled to Italy in 1934, where he became a pal of Benito Mussolini and started a huge black-market trade.

In 1944, Genovese was recruited by the U.S. Army as an interpreter - until the army decided to crack down on the black market and found Vito at its center. He was eventually handed over by the military to the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office.

In February 1947, U.S. drug agent Harry Anslinger demanded that Cuba deport Luciano to Italy. When Cuba refused to comply, Anslinger took his case to President Harry S. Truman. The U.S. government then halted all shipments of medical supplies to Cuba while Luciano was still on the island. Luciano, Lansky, and President Batista tried to strike back by halting all Cuban sugar exports to the US.

Later in February, Brieba and a handful of rebels backed up by former Cuban Senator (1940-44) Rafael Guas Inclan, then governor of Havana province (1944-48), who had served as delegate to the Cuban Constitutional Convention (1939-40), and was to become Minister of Communication (1953-54), Cuban Vice-President 1954, and Elected Mayor of Havana November 1958, apprehended Luciano and deported him back to Italy.

As for Meyer Lansky, Brieba noted Lansky was perceived as a wealthy man, however, the reality was that Lansky was just a work horse harnessed by the Genovese family in its various incarnations. After Prohibition the Italians began consolidating their control over the underworld and by the end of World War II the Jewish gangsters were either working for the Mafia or resting in peace.

It was here that Brieba, now known as "The Violent One" was first introduced to the Office of Strategic Services, the first independent U.S. intelligence agency, created during World War II, but was broken up shortly after the end of the war, by then President Harry S. Truman. The rapid reorganizations that followed reflected the routine sort of bureaucratic competition for resources. Despite opposition from the military establishment, the United States Department of State and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), President Truman established the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) in January 1946, which was the direct predecessor to the CIA. The assets of the SSU, which now constituted a streamlined "nucleus" of clandestine intelligence was transferred to the CIG in mid-1946 and reconstituted as the Office of Special Operations (OSO).
In September 1947, the National Security Act of 1947 established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter was appointed as the first Director of Central Intelligence, and one of the first secret operations under him was the successful support of the Christian Democrats in Italy.

Brieba did meet Everette Howard Hunt Jr station chief in Mexico City in 1950 who called Brieba "The Endangered Cuban Crocodile". Brieba and Hunt did not remain friends calling Hunt an amateur.

As early as 1951, Brieba supplied anti-Árbenz forces with weapons, supplies, and funding known as Operation PBFORTUNE, however to overthrow the democratically-elected President of Guatemala, Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán, deemed communist in nature, the United States Central Intelligence Agency organized a covert operation known as the Guatemalan coup d'état code name Operation PBSUCCESS (1953 to 1954).

In July the CIA secured arms, transport, $225,000, and furnished a few World War II-era airplanes. Upon establishing operation headquarters in Florida in December 1953, the Agency started recruiting pilots.

Brieba joined "The Devil's Brigade" reactivated in Fort Bragg on 10 NOV 1953 as the 77th Special Forces Group and was there from the very beginning of the Cold War participating in the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état.
After Juan José Arévalo Bermejo, the first democratically elected president of Guatemala with "Christian Socialist" policies, criticized as a "communist" had his successor, Jacobo Árbenz, a socialist, overthrown in a coup orchestrated by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
The CIA and United Fruit Company (Chiquita Brands International Inc) intervened because it feared a socialist government would become a Soviet beachhead in the Western Hemisphere, Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas was then installed as president in 1954 till he was assassinated by a member of his personal guard in 1957.
In the election that followed, General Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes assumed power and authorized the training of 5,000 anti-Castro Cubans in Guatemala, providing airstrips in the region of Petén for what became the 1961 failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Ydigoras' government eventually was ousted in a 1963 coup when the Guatemalan Air Force, led by Defense Minister, Colonel Enrique Peralta Azurdia attacked several military bases.

After the Vito Genovese take over of the crime family from Frank Costello in 1957 Meyer Lansky dutifully stepped into line under the new boss. Brieba observed that Vito Genovese and Meyer Lansky had common holdings in gambling casinos in Las Vegas and Havana, Cuba, but whatever personal wealth Lansky may have accumulated was likely wiped out when Fidel Castro chased the mobsters out of Cuba in January 1959 after overthrowing the corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista.

Upon returning stateside Lansky solicited a meeting with the FBI for the avowed purpose of providing intelligence on the communist infiltration of Cuba. The meeting took place on May 22, 1959, and Lansky stated that he "could lose heavily unless the situation changed," and "he could not deny that the possibility of this loss contributed to his decision to discuss the Cuban situation."

Although Lansky later would rewrite history by telling associates that he warned the feds in 1958 that "Cuba was going Communist" the fact is that he did not do so until May 1959, and even then had nothing meaningful to offer. Brieba expressly noted that the mobster stated only the obvious, and "all of Lansky's comments were general in nature".
When pressed for particulars Lansky advised he was not in a position to furnish facts. He stated he could not name any individuals in the present government who had publicly described themselves as Communists nor could he offer any facts which would set one person aside from the others as a Communist.

Brieba stated that Lansky's purported concern about a communist Cuba was laughable. Neither Lansky nor his Mafia overlords cared a wit with whom they conducted business. Noting that while in Havana, on January 5, 1959 Lansky gave an interview to Alan Jarlson from The Las Vegas Sun who reported that Lansky "talked freely" about his hope "that the new government will emerge from Fidel Castro's liberation of Cuba and will continue to permit American gamblers to operate." Similarly, when Lansky left Cuba on January 7, and arrived at Miami International Airport, the casino operator told Joseph Manners, a Special Assistant to the Attorney General, that "he expected to continue in business, and did not anticipate trouble from the new government." Lansky developed his anti-communist animus only after it became clear that Castro was refusing to allow the American mobsters to continue their exploitation of Cuba.

Lansky thought his new-found anti-communist fervor would curry him favor with FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Instead, the feds exploited his gambling losses as an opportune time to investigate him. Because of the loss of the lucrative Cuban gambling situation, Lansky was in a position of having to make decisions as to his future course of action.
The federal investigation on top of his Cuban losses added insult to injury for Lansky who described G-men as "racketeers" and the "new mafia".
Lansky directed most of his anti-government enmity towards the Kennedys which was fueled by Bobby Kennedy's mob busting campaign and Jack Kennedy's refusal to back the Bay of Pigs invasion to topple Castro.
Lansky referred to Bobby Kennedy as "an arrogant punk" who had no right to judge the mob life.
Eventually Bobby Kennedy would meet the same fate of his brother, whom Nixon both despised as impediments towards his political climb.

On 11 December 1959, following the Cuban Revolution of January 1959 CIA director Allen W. Dulles acknowledged that a "far-left dictatorship", existed in Cuba, so in the early 1960s, Operation 40, a Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored undercover operation active in the United States, Cuba, Central America, and Mexico was created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in March 1960. Dulles established the ZR/RIFLE unit named Operation 40, from the "Group of 40" of the National Security Council group that followed Cuba. This group was presided over by Vice President Richard M. Nixon. Members took part in the April 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion directed against the government of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Over the next few years Operation 40 worked closely with several anti-Castro Cuban organizations including Alpha 66, a US-supported Cuban paramilitary group training in the Everglades whom he wasn't impressed with sensing they were a left wing terrorist organization working with Castro's government. Besides founder and first leader of Alpha 66, Nazario Sargen, had killed a distance relative of Brieba, who retracted a vengeance killing on Nazario himself during a meeting in Jackson Heights Queens during the 1980's.

Brieba's Cold War operations include:
SEP 28, 1960: The CIA attempts its first drop of weapons and supplies to the Cuban resistance. The aircrew tries to drop an arms pack for a hundred men to an agent waiting on the ground. They miss the drop zone by seven miles and land the weapons on top of a dam where they are picked up by Castro's forces. The agent is caught and shot. The plane gets lost on the way to Guatemala and lands in Mexico.
SEP 29, 1960: A plane coming from the U.S. drops a heavy load of arms by parachute in Escambray.
FEB 16-17, 1961: At 12.30 a.m. planes enter Cuban airspace flying at 300-500 feet over the village of Tortuguilla. At 8.35 a.m. two planes fly east to west at 500 feet over national territory. Between 7.45 a.m. and 9.50 a.m. planes enter Cuban airspace four times and at 2.00 p.m. planes again fly over the island.
FEB 19, 1961: A plane flies over Cuban airspace and drops anti-Castro propaganda in Marianao, Regla and other districts of Havana. The pamphlets call for violence to overthrow the Cuban government.

It was also believed that Brieba had influenced Fidel Castro into recruiting former members of the Nazi SS to train Cuban troops during the Cold War.
The then Communist President of Cuba also bought Belgian-fabricated arms from two middle-men who belonged to the extreme German right.
It sheds light on the extent Castro, who in public was stringently committed to socialism, was willing to go in order to further his power and prevent an invasion by the U.S.

Bodo Hechelhammer, historical investigations director at the foreign intelligence agency Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) said: 'Evidently, the Cuban revolutionary army did not fear contagion from personal links to Nazism, so long as it served its objectives.'

The documents, released by the BND and published online by German newspaper Die Welt, show a series of plans developed in October 1962 - at the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

They reveal that two of the four former SS officers invited to La Havana had taken up the offer - and that they would receive 'substantial wages' more than four times the average German salary at that time.
And regarding the purchase of right-wing linked arms, they show how Castro had dealt with two traffickers - Otto Ernst Remer and Ernst Wilhelm Springer - in buying 4,000 pistols.

The conclusion drawn by German secret service officials was that the Cuban regime wanted to lessen its dependence on buying Soviet-produced arms.
October 1962 was the month that the U.S. and the USSR came perilously close to going to war over Russian missiles stationed on the Caribbean island.
The 13-day confrontation, between October 16th and 28th, ended when a secret deal was reached between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.
Publicly, the Soviets agreed to dismantle the weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union, subject to United Nations verification.
In turn, the U.S. agreed to declare that it would never invade Cuba. Secretly, the U.S. also agreed it would dismantle all U.S.-built Jupiter IRBMs deployed in Turkey and Italy.

Later on the Soviet news agency TASS alleged that Skorzeny's Paladin Group was involved in training US Green Berets for Vietnam missions during the 1960's which wasn't true since Skorzeny resented the USA for its role in destroying Nazi Germany. It was Brieba after the attacks on the Basques in Spain and introduction to the OSO in Havana, who had ironically joined the previous WWII unit, The Devil's Brigade, which nearly captured him at Lourdes, France. The brigade was reactivated in Fort Bragg on 10 Nov 1953 as the 77th Special Forces Group and was reorganized and activated on 20 May 1960 as the 7th Special Forces Group conducting guerrilla operations and training friendly government armed forces in Central and South America.

To further focus police and intel organizations against communist apparatus Eisenhower established a public safety program whose goal was to train foreign police units in counterinsurgency. In 1962 the program becomes Office of Public Safety.
Green Berets were most common recruits for Phoenix Program. Green Beret detachment B-57 provided administration cover for other intel units.
Counter-Spy magazine described Phoenix Program as "the most indiscriminate and massive program of political murder since the nazi death camps of world war two."

By April 1965 Brieba was in Tanzania with a handful of Cuban Bay of Pigs veterans sent by the CIA to aid the western-backed Moise Tshombe who's forces consisted of Belgian foreign legionnaires, mercenaries under the famous "Mad" Mike Hoare, The Cubans were mostly pilots who provided close-in air support for "Mad" Mike.
 After watching them in battle Mike Hoare said of his CIA allies: "These Cuban CIA men were as tough, dedicated, and impetuous a group of soldiers as I've ever had the honor of commanding. Their leader [Rip Robertson] was the most extraordinary and dedicated soldier I've ever met."

Che Guevara Codenamed "Tatu," and his force entered the eastern Congo to help the alternately Soviet and Chinese backed "Simbas" of the Congolese red leader, Laurent Kabila. 
Together Mad Mike, Rip, and the Cubans made short work of Kabila's "Simbas," who were murdering, raping, and eating (cannibals) their way through many of the defenseless Europeans still left in the recently abandoned Belgian colony. 
Che and the Castro Cuban's Congo mission barely escaped Africa alive. Che then set his sights on Bolivia where he was captured and sent to his death by another Cuban CIA Basque named Felix Hernandez.

Ironically Brieba was inspired by Che Guevara's writings to get Richard Nixon to establish a political affiliation with the People's Repubic of China. Brieba knew that Che got it right when he decided that Cuba should go towards a Maoist alliance rather than a Marxist/Leninist Soviet alliance.

Brieba had fought against the Russians in the eastern front during World War II and knew that if captured by the russians he would be executed like most men of the SS. Brieba knew of the Katyn Forest massacre, the mass execution of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940, after Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland in 1939.

In turn, as a safe guard, during the Cold War, Brieba began communication with Chinese nationals when he began to distrust the anglo-american regime after observing first hand the north americans and their allies being defeated by the chinese in Tibet (Battle of Chambo 1950), India (Sino-Indian War 1962), Korea (1950-present), and Viet Nam (Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 - Tet Offensive 1968).

Brieba worked with John Foster Dulles in the CIA operation to overthrow the democratic Arbenz government of Guatemala 1954 (Operation PBSUCCESS) but when John Dulles died in 1959 and younger brother, Allen Welsh Dulles, mishandled the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Brieba began to distant himself from the anglo-americans.
Aware of John Foster refusing to shake the hand of China's first rime Minister, Zhou Enlai, at the Geneva Conference in 1954, Brieba decided to find a path towards establishing relationships with Zhou Enlai.

His interactions with former enemy, Otto Braun ("Li De" known as the one and same person), the German agent sent to China in 1934, to advise the Communist Party of China (CPC) on military strategy during the Chinese Civil War led him to be introduced to China's first Prime Minister, Zhou Enlai.

Brieba saw to it to have opposite allies in both spectrums of the political field in case he found himself betrayed by the treacherous anglo-americans who had no honor, loyalty, or integrity.

Nixon met Mao through a series of secret introductions by Brieba and his concept of Che Guevara's Maoist extreme choices. Brieba believed that the People's Liberation Army was too large and ruthless for a christian anglo-american army to penetrate as the anglo-saxons before them had failed, therefore, the Brieba Concept established that by severing the head of the dragon, the body will die. He explained this by comparing Ben Franklin's concept of the union in the form of a snake cut up in 13 sections with the quote "Join or Die".

Brieba kept ahead of Henry Kissinger who he did not trust by intercepting documents between Kissinger and the Pro-Nazi Argentinian Regime kept in his private files in case of a set up. Brieba saw Kissinger as a German-Born Jewish Nazi traitor who sought power and publicity for his own pleasure and vices.

Brieba briefly became an advisor for President Nixon after the 1970 Chilean election when Senator Salvador Allende of the Socialist Party of Chile achieved a partial majority of votes requesting pressure from the United States government for the Chilean Congress to conduct a runoff vote between the leading candidates which led to an Allende win.
Allende's programs included advancement of workers' interests, replacing the judicial system with "socialist legality", nationalization of banks and forcing others to bankruptcy, and strengthening "popular militias" known as MIR. As a result, the Richard Nixon administration organized and inserted secret operatives in Chile, in order to quickly destabilize Allende’s government. Simultaneously, opposition media, politicians, business guilds, and other organizations helped to accelerate a campaign of domestic political and economical destabilization, some of which was helped by the United States.
On 26 May 1973, Chile’s Supreme Court, which was opposed to Allende's government, unanimously denounced the Allende disruption of the legality of the nation. Although illegal under the Chilean constitution, the court supported and strengthened Pinochet's seizure of power.

Finally, a military coup overthrew Allende on 11 September 1973. As the armed forces bombarded the presidential palace, Allende apparently committed suicide with an AK-47 given to him as a gift from Fidel Castro. A military junta, led by General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, took over control of the country, however, the coup d'etat immediately back-fired when the first years of the Pinochet regime were marked by human rights violations. On October 1973, at least 72 people were murdered by the Caravan of Death, furthermore, when a new Constitution was approved by a controversial plebiscite on 11 September 1980, and General Pinochet obtained rule of the country as president of the republic for an 8-year term, several hundred committed Chilean revolutionaries joined the Sandinista army in Nicaragua, guerrilla forces in Argentina, or training camps in Cuba, Eastern Europe, and Northern Africa.

During the Cold War, the United States had even established a diplomatic and trade alliance with Spain, due to Franco's strong anti-Communist policy. American President Richard Nixon toasted Franco, and, after Franco's death, stated: "General Franco was a loyal friend and ally of the United States."

Brieba and Nixon died within 3 years of each others but had reconciled beforehand in NYC after the Watergate Scandal considering that three of the five Watergate Burglars, Virgilio R. Gonzales, Eugenio R. Martinez , and Frank A. Sturgis were cuban.

After many years of service to various governments, Brieba retired and was quietly employed as an usher at a spanish speaking movie theater (The Plaza) in Corona Queens NY, eventually dying from heart failure during heart surgery at St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan NY.
As per his request there was no military honor guard at his funeral.

Years later after a probe and initial investigation to official cause of death, St. Vincent's Hospital, was closed under suspicious conditions in 2010 and demolished in 2012.Jul 31, 2012 · Reply Edit
[deleted]On 30 Sep 1950, Zhou Enlai warned the United States that it was prepared to intervene in Korea if the United States crossed the 38th parallel.

Zhou attempted to advise North Korean commanders on how to conduct a general withdrawal by using the same tactics which had allowed Chinese communist forces to successfully escape Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns in the 1930s.

North Korean commanders did not utilize these tactics effectively.

After the anglo-americans secretly crossed the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border.

This military decision made by China solely changed the attitude of the Soviet Union.
After 12 days of Chinese troops entering the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China.
After decimating the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and US military occurred on 1 Nov 1950; deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the US 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan.The surprise assault resulted in the UN forces retreating back to the Ch'ongch'on River, while the Chinese unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts following victory.
It is unclear why the Chinese did not press the attack and follow-up their victory.
The UN Command, however, were unconvinced that the Chinese had openly intervened due to the sudden Chinese withdrawal.

On 24 November, the Home-by-Christmas Offensive was launched with the US Eighth Army advancing in northwest Korea, while the US X Corps were attacking along the Korean east coast. But the Chinese were waiting in ambush with their Second Phase Offensive.

On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank.
The UN Command retreated; the US Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–9 November).

On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a US 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the US 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties.

By 30 November, the PVA 13th Army Group managed to expel the US Eighth Army from northwest Korea. Retreating from the north faster than they had counter-invaded, the Eighth Army crossed the 38th parallel border in mid December. The UN morale hit rock bottom when commanding General Walton Walker of the US Eighth Army was killed on 23 December 1950. The X Corps were forced to evacuate by 24 December in order to reinforce the badly depleted US Eighth Army to the south.

During the Hungnam evacuation, about 193 shiploads of UN Command forces and materiel (approximately 105,000 soldiers, 98,000 civilians, 17,500 vehicles, and 350,000 tons of supplies) were evacuated to Pusan. The SS Meredith Victory was noted for evacuating 14,000 refugees, the largest rescue operation by a single ship, even though it was designed to hold 12 passengers. Before escaping, the UN Command forces razed most of Hungnam city, especially the port facilities; and on 16 December 1950, President Truman declared a national emergency with Presidential Proclamation No. 2914, 3 C.F.R. 99 (1953), which remained in force until 14 September 1978 long after the US was defeated in another war called the American War (Viet Nam).Aug 27, 2012 · Reply Edit
[deleted]Richard Nixon wanted to establish a political affiliation with the People's Repubic of China. According to Chairman Mao, Che Guevara, had it right when he believed that Cuba should go towards a Maoist alliance rather than a Marxist/Leninist Soviet alliance.

Brieba had fought against the Russians in the eastern front during World War II and knew that if captured by the Soviets he would be executed like most men of the SS.
The 'Katyn Forest Massacre' had been the mass execution of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the Soviet secret police, in April and May 1940, but history at the time had been falsely re-written by the ango-americans to defend their communist ally and involve them on a Western Front fighting alongside their British cousins when Germany never even attacked the USA on December 7 or thereafter, further denying the real purpose of 'Operation Barbarossa', was to rescue civilized populations against the murdering Soviet union regime of Josef Stalin.

In turn, as a safe guard, during the Cold War, Brieba began communication with Chinese nationals when he began to distance himself from the anglo-american regime after first observing the North American losses and defeats of their allies by the Chinese in Tibet (Battle of Chambo 1950), India (Sino-Indian War 1962), Korea (1950-present), and Viet Nam (Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 & Tet Offensive 1968).
Che Guevara knew this as well when he met with Mao Zedong in November 1960. Five years later however, Che's attempt to meet with Mao was rejected when the Chinese leader would not see him as the Cubans had chosen relations with the Soviet Union over the People's Republic of China.

Brieba had formerly worked with John Foster Dulles in the CIA operation to overthrow the democratic Arbenz government of Guatemala 1954 (Operation PBSUCCESS) but when John Foster Dulles died in 1959 and younger brother, Allen Welsh Dulles, mishandled the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Brieba began to distant himself from the anglo-americans.
Aware of John Foster Dulles refusing to shake the hand of China's first prime Minister, Zhou Enlai, at the Geneva Conference in 1954, Brieba decided to find a path towards establishing a contact with Zhou Enlai.

Brieba's interactions with former enemy, Otto Braun ("Li De" known as the one and the same person), the German agent sent to China in 1934, to advise the Communist Party of China (CPC) on military strategy during the Chinese Civil War led him to be eventually introduced to Zhou Enlai.

Brieba had noted historically that Ignatius of Loyola (ca. October 27, 1491 – July 31, 1556) a Spanish knight from a local Basque noble family, founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) on 19 April 1541.

The Society of Jesus is a Christian male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church. The members are called Jesuits. The society is presently engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also promote social justice and ecumenical dialogue.

Because of the military background of Ignatius and the members' willingness to accept orders anywhere in the world and to live in extreme conditions where required, in 1605, the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci published Xizi Qiji (Hsi-tzu Chi-chi; 西字奇蹟; "The Miracle of Western Letters" in Beijing.

This was the first book to use the Roman alphabet to write the Chinese language.

Twenty years later, another Jesuit in China, Nicolas Trigault, issued his Xi Ru Ermu Zi (Hsi Ju Erh-mu Tzu; 西儒耳目資; "Aid to the Eyes and Ears of Western Literati" at Hangzhou.
Nicolas Trigault (1577–1628) a Jesuit and missionary to China was also known by his latinized name Trigautius or Trigaultius, and his Chinese name Jīn Nígé (金尼閣).
Born in Douai (then part of the Spanish Netherlands), he became a Jesuit in 1594. Trigault left Europe to do missionary work in Asia around 1610, eventually arriving at Nanjing, China in 1611.
In late 1612 Trigault was appointed by the China Mission's Superior, Niccolo Longobardi as the China Mission's procurator (recruitment and PR representative) in Europe.
He sailed from Macau on February 9, 1613, and arrived to Rome on October 11, 1614, by the way of India, Persian Gulf, and Egypt. His tasks involved reporting on the mission's progress to Pope Paul V, successfully negotiating with the Jesuit Order's General Claudio Acquaviva the independence of the China Mission from the Japan Mission.
It was during this trip to Europe that Trigault edited and translated (from Italian to Latin) Matteo Ricci's "China Journal", or De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas. The work was published in 1615 in Augsburg; it was later translated into many European languages and widely read.

Trigault had produced one of the first systems of Chinese Romanization (based mostly on Ricci's earlier work) in 1626, in his work Xiru Ermu Zi (西儒耳目資 "Aid to the Eyes and Ears of Western Literati"). Trigault wrote his book in Shanxi province.
Aided by a converted Chinese, he also produced the first Chinese version of Aesop's Fables (況義 "Analogy"), published in 1625.
He was later brought by the Chinese Catholic Li Zhizao to his hometown of Hangzhou where he worked as one of the first missionaries ever to reach that city and eventually died there in 1629.

Neither book had much immediate impact on the way in which Chinese thought about their writing system and the romanizations they described were intended more for Westerners than for the Chinese, but implied a first effort that eventually gave rise to Pinyin, the official phonetic system for transcribing the Mandarin pronunciations of Chinese characters into the Latin alphabet in China, Taiwan, and Singapore. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and may be used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into computers.

After the Basques, the earliest Chinese thinkers to relate Western alphabets to Chinese was late Ming to early Qing Dynasty, scholar-official, Fang Yizhi (Fang I-chih; 方以智; 1611–1671).

The superior Basque Order which founded the Jesuits of which Lorenzo Brieba derived from had interpreted the Chinese language centuries before any other race, religion, or institution. Even Marco Polo was not able to make that conversion in his twenty seven year journey to and fro China.
Brieba knew of this and was centuries ahead of the Cold War Chess Game deriving his historical knowledge based on his ancestors.

All Basques speak at least two languages but no one speaks the language of the Basques but the Basques themselves.. therefore they cannot be dominated because they cannot be infiltrated, thus surpassing latin, ancient greek, and even mandarin.
Furthermore, Spain's Fascist dictator, Francisco Franco, had attempted to exterminate the Basque race during and after World War II till his own death on 20 November 1975. Franco even outlawed speaking the Basque language making the language even more isolated and raw.

The north americans of the United States of America were allies of Franco's fascist regime and supported the extermination of the Basque race and culture just like they supported the extermination of the european jew by the German Nazis and later on Stalin's extermination of the jews in the Warsaw Pact Nations of eastern europe.

Ironically, The Sovereign Military Order of the Teutonic Knights Templar of Gibraltar, founded by Brieba was based partially on this concept of dominating your enemy by knowing his language and by him not understanding yours.

Today China's intelligence operations have achieved superpower status that the Communist oligarchy in Beijing embraces. It's spy activities on the island of Cuba are strategically located for the interception of U.S. military and civilian satellite communications. China's spy services cooperates closely with Havana's own world-class intelligence services.
The U.S. mass media are ignorant of both the existence of the spy base as well as the Cuban-Chinese alliance responsible for it.
China has the largest espionage network in the world making Beijing's spy services larger than the intelligence operations of all nations combined.

The members of China's intelligence services, tend to be ethnic Han and like the Basque are their own race unlike the USA which is a mixture of Third World People and Nordics.
This Han/Basque orientation limits the available avenues of access for American security information field officers, however, China's spy alliance with Cuba assists them in overcoming this potential handicap. Cuban penetration of U.S. society augments Chinese efforts and making extremely valuable contributions to Beijing's espionage efforts covering military, economic, and political affairs, determining to the indications of troop and fleet movements to significant details on important political figures.

The value Beijing places upon the information acquired via Havana was seen in October 2011 during a visit to the island by General Guo Boxiong, Vice Chairman of China's Central Military Commission. Guo's presence in Cuba underscored that China has a special military commitment in addition to a sizable economic investment in Cuba.

China is in the process of replacing Cuba's aging Soviet-era military equipment, purportedly supplying only "non-lethal" aid.
The U.S. prohibits "lethal" assistance to Cuba, and Beijing is risking U.S. sanctions if that prohibition is known to be violated. The true volume and nature of Chinese military aid to Cuba is difficult to assess.

General Guo's trip to Cuba follows a December 2010 military agreement, signed by top ranking PLA General Fu Quanyou, insuring needed military aid to the Castro regime.
China's electronic intelligence activities on Cuba are particularly interesting because China denies they exist.

The island of Cuba has been used as an electronic spy base for decades, going back to the Soviet construction and use of the facility at Lourdes.

When the Russians left Cuba, they also left a well-trained Cuban electronic intelligence battalion functioning on the island at the base in Bejucal, as well as an understanding with Havana to share intelligence information important with Moscow.
The base at Bejucal, however, is still operating. While the Cubans technically run it, some 50-100 Chinese intelligence officers are at Bejucal gathering and interpreting information.
It took years to find the Chinese Communists were operating there.
Only with the greatest of difficulty can the Chinese be connected with Cuban electronic spy base activities. China can plausibly deny both the use of the base and the transference of information from it's Havana embassy to Beijing.

The Chinese expect increase in radio traffic from the Chinese embassy in Havana to Beijing as the Bejucal base and smaller bases across the island are inter-connected.

Sir Rodriguez Cai, the Cuban-Chinese General, accompanied by related personnel from National Friendship Association, had also paid a visit to the Guangzhou Port.

Recently Chief of the KPA General Staff, General Kim Kyok Sik, had placed a wreath at the grave of Cuban independence hero Antonio Maceo in Havana on 28 June 2013.

Furthermore, General Kim Kyok Sik, Chief of the Korean People’s Army [KPA] General Staff, and a KPA delegation visited the Cuban capital in Havana and said that Cuba and the DPRK would ”continue consolidating relations of friendship and brotherhood” and that the two countries “share the same trench.”

The United States now led into a time consuming second term by the treasonous, Obama Hussein Barak, has weakened the US nation...making a reality of Lorenzo Brieba's 1964 (the year of China's first atomic bomb test) prediction that the era of the superpowers as we once knew it... is over...

Early Briebas

These are the earliest records we have of the Brieba family.

Jose Brieba of Tampa, Hillsborough County, Florida was born on July 13, 1915, and died at age 71 years old in May 1987.

Brieba Family Photos

Discover Brieba family photos shared by the community. These photos contain people and places related to the Brieba last name.

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Brieba Family Tree

Discover the most common names, oldest records and life expectancy of people with the last name Brieba.

Most Common First Names

Updated Brieba Biographies

Lorenzo Brieba Ii of Rego Park, Queens County, NY was born in 1917, and died at age 74 years old in 1991. Lorenzo Brieba was buried at Maple Grove Cemetery in Queens.
Jose Brieba of Tampa, Hillsborough County, Florida was born on July 13, 1915, and died at age 71 years old in May 1987.
Hortensia C Brieba was born on May 17, 1919, and died at age 71 years old in September 1990. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Hortensia C Brieba.
Barbara Brieba of Rego Park, Queens County, NY was born on December 4, 1918, and died at age 80 years old on December 8, 1998.

Popular Brieba Biographies

Jose Brieba of Tampa, Hillsborough County, Florida was born on July 13, 1915, and died at age 71 years old in May 1987.
Hortensia C Brieba was born on May 17, 1919, and died at age 71 years old in September 1990. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Hortensia C Brieba.
Barbara Brieba of Rego Park, Queens County, NY was born on December 4, 1918, and died at age 80 years old on December 8, 1998.
Lorenzo Brieba Ii of Rego Park, Queens County, NY was born in 1917, and died at age 74 years old in 1991. Lorenzo Brieba was buried at Maple Grove Cemetery in Queens.

Brieba Death Records & Life Expectancy

The average age of a Brieba family member is 74.0 years old according to our database of 4 people with the last name Brieba that have a birth and death date listed.

Life Expectancy

74.0 years

Oldest Briebas

These are the longest-lived members of the Brieba family on AncientFaces.

Barbara Brieba of Rego Park, Queens County, NY was born on December 4, 1918, and died at age 80 years old on December 8, 1998.
80 years
Lorenzo Brieba Ii of Rego Park, Queens County, NY was born in 1917, and died at age 74 years old in 1991. Lorenzo Brieba was buried at Maple Grove Cemetery in Queens.
74 years
Jose Brieba of Tampa, Hillsborough County, Florida was born on July 13, 1915, and died at age 71 years old in May 1987.
71 years
Hortensia C Brieba was born on May 17, 1919, and died at age 71 years old in September 1990. Family, friend, or fan, this family history biography is for you to remember Hortensia C Brieba.
71 years
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