Cattle Nose Prints

In 1922, Dr. W. E. Petersen, a dairy researcher at the University of Minnesota, gave an extensive report on the methods of obtaining ink noseprints, and the use of these prints in identifying dairy cattle. He presented the following conclusions:
The design on the nose (area from the upper lip to the top of the nostril) is a result of subcutaneous (under the skin) glands which cause distinct elevations or ridges.
Each design or pattern of ridges and grooves is specific for that individual animal.
As the animal gets older, the nose becomes larger; however, the pattern of ridges and grooves remains the same.
Legible or readable noseprints can be used as a means of positive identification and can be made from a small portion of the print.
The ink noseprinting procedure is simple enough to be practical.